“The characters live in impoverished neighbourhoods where drugs and gang activity are a way of life. Many come from single-parent homes where the father is rarely visible.”
Page 230 - Say It Loud! : African-American Audiences, Media, and Identity (2002)
“Images of Blacks as pimps, junkies, dealers, thieves ran counter to the new images black men had of themselves.”
Page 44 – Black Cinema USA: Cinema Studies, The key concepts. Susan Hayward (2000)
Introducing Film. Graham Roberts and Heather Wallis (2001)
Understanding Film Texts: Meaning and experience. Patrick Phillips (2000)
The television hand book by Patricia Holland (2000) page 120 : Todorov - an equilibrium is disrupted usually by a villain. The disruption is worked out and another dis-equilibrium is established, similar to the first, but never identical.
(with reference to Fiske. J (1987) Television Culture)
"Stereotypes always carry within their very representation an implicit narrative."
(communicationa, cultural and media studies/ page 216. The key concepts by John Hartley (2002)
Cinema Studies - The key concepts (2000) by Susan Hayward : 'In the majority of movies women occupy predominantly two positions: ‘bitch’, the wilful women ripe for being brought down, or ‘ho’, the sexually demanding and not easily satisfied woman.'
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